Permeability takes this pore space and connects the voids together so that water can pass through. Cools slowly to form big crystals when liquid hot rock is on the surface it is called lava, and the place the lava comes out is called a volcano. You should know all about sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks, so have a look at these pictures and see if you can identify each specimen. For large shock pressures, the resulting temperatures are high enough to produce melting and even vaporization within the target. Mostly derived by weathering of rocks on continents. Name the rock material is given according to the geological classification based on mineral content, texture, mineral size and origin sedimentary, igneous. Cataclastic metamorphism is generally localized along fault planes areas of detachment where rocks slide past one another. Rocks and minerals ruth siddall encyclopedia of life support systems eolss minerals, it is possible not only to investigate the evolution of earth, but also to improve.
When liquid hot rock is underground it is called magma. Degassingvolatiles release hydrothermal alteration and lowgrade metamorphism crystal accumulation presence of xenocrysts and. Types of rocks and their properties pdf download geography. A link within the document will lead you to a pdf file geared for printing this list. A highpressure metamorphism resulting from the crushing and shearing of rock during tectonic movement, mostly along faults. Collision of continents or deep burial provide some of the conditions necessary to partially melt and alter rocks.
Under high temperature and pressure, the sediment becomes compacted. The permeability and porosity of a rock are the result of both depositional and diagenetic factors fig. Igneous rocks f supply of primarymagma from the earths interior supply of primary magma from the earths interior granulite metamorphic rocks sedimentary rocks deposits volcanism ap20 a t u f f acid basic intermediate igneous rocks rock development related to the geological cycle m m m m m m m m m contact metamorphism. Origin of sedimentary rocks pdf sedimentary rocks form through the sedimentary processes which include weathering, erosion, transport and deposition. Rocks and minerals study guide hanover area school district. Existing rock fall hazard rating systems used in other states focus on the risk of failure and ignore the. Rock cycle diagram changing of rocks by high temperature and pressure weathering of rocks and sedimentation of porous substance.
The formation of a clastic sediment and sedimentary rocks involves five. Read igneous rocks to find the answers to these questions and many more. Magma is molten rock, but is not just liquid also contains bits of. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A mineral is homogenous, naturally occurring substance formed through geological processes that has a characteristic chemical composition, a highly ordered atomic structure and speci. Standard test method for permeability of rocks by flowing air1 this standard is issued under the. Rock cycle notes three types of rocks sedimentary igneous metamorphic sedimentary rocks sediment is produced through the process of weathering. Jessi combs vehicle builder, racer, fabricator, tv personality, and all around automotive legend was killed on tuesday in a crash while attempting to break her own land speed record in southeast oregon. We established that igneous rocks do vary in both texture and composition, and that the two properties can be used to classify them.
Igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks. In the last lecture we looked at the nature and classification of igneous rocks. These sheets require tracing, some matching, and some. Because the reservoir rock also contains water, the gas and oil will continue to rise by flowing from pore to pore to pore up. As there is a close relation between rocks and landforms, rocks and soils, a geographer requires basic knowledge of rocks. Metamorphic rocks never melt if they did they would become igneous magma.
Rocks and minerals unit this is a unit i designed for my primarily preschooler, but my older two kids 2nd, 4th grades will join in as well. The unique conditions of shockwave environments produce unique effects in the affected rocks. Thus, a waterwet rock can be cleaned, dried and fully saturated with an alkane, while the surfaces in the pores remain waterwet. Deep drilling in the stable platform shows that the bulk of the continental crust is also made up of metamorphic rocks. The top diagram is for extrusive rocks and the lower is for intrusive rocks. Very strong rock very hard rock, requires repeated hammer blows 100 mpa strong rock hand specimen can be broken with single blow 50100 mpa mod. See files on canvas site for this course for the pdf file. Introduction permeability is a measure of the ability of a material to transmit. Porosity is the amount of pore space that is between particles in soil or rocks.
Three types of rock ppt free download as powerpoint presentation. Using this methodology to preliminarily establish organofacies can help classify source rocks and reduce the practice of comparing source rock plays based solely on production characteristics. Each county map has been scaled to fit on lettersize paper. Rock and mineral identification for engineers fhwa us. The nature and intensity of the changes depend on the shock pressures shockmetamorphic. A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together. Sedimentary rock notes sedimentary rocks are formed on the earths surface by the hydrologic system.
Porosity is more associated with storage of water, while permeability is more associated with groundwater movement and flow. Figure 1 relative hardness of minerals in mohs scale. Knowing the rock type and rock material hardness, it is possible for the experienced engineer or. Name date 1 igneous rocks middle school science blog. Those minerals listed in capital letters are most likely to be. Physical geology in our overview of the earth, we found out that earths internal heat combined with other mechanisms causes rocks to melt in the asthenosphere and lithosphere. Try and work out whether they are sedimentary, igneous or metamorphic. Metamorphic rocks form when preexisting rocks are changed by intense heat and pressure at depth in the earths crust. Cools quickly to form small crystals cooled and crystallized igneous rocks. Physical properties citrine prasiolite rose quartz milky quartz smoky quartz.
Igneous rocks are formed by the solidification and cooling of magma in volcanic. Large rocks are broken down very gradually and the smaller pieces are transported by wind, water, and ice. Types of rocks and their properties pdf download geography the earths crust is composed of rocks. Rocks and minerals unit the science zonewhere everyones a. The list of counties below link to pdf files of corresponding county rocktype maps. Very common mineral in metamorphic and igneous rocks. The gas and oil flow into the pores of the reservoir rock layer. The permeability of volcanic rocks therefore largely controls the movement of. The minerals in some metamorphic rocks are new, having formed by reactions among the original mineral grains. Texture refers to the physical appearance or character of a rock, such as grain size, shape, and arrangement. Pdf file the interior of earth and formation of magmas pdf file magmatic differentiation pdf file igneous rocks of the oceanic lithosphere pdf file igneous rocks of convergent margins pdf file igneous rocks of the continental lithosphere pdf file pyroclastic rocks. Ternary classification of felsic to mafic igneous rocks. Metamorphic rocks make up a large part of the continental crust.
Cataclastic metamorphism produces sheared, highly deformed rocks called mylonites. Investigating soil permeability year 3 lesson pack 6 contains. Metamorphic sedimentary igneous metamorphic sedimentary igneous. Note that rocks with glassy or pyroclastic textures may be described by the above compositions, but that for these specimens the final rock name must still. This is why we say that the changes are solid state. All processes occur at or close to the earths surface low temp and pressure studying sediments and sedimentary rocks help s us to understand earths climate in the past, changes in weather process. Youll also find a handson activity to try at home or at school, as well as a glossary of unfamiliar words, resources to help you locate additional information, and a useful index. Porosity is the percent of reservoir rock that is pore space, and it is commonly 10 to 30%. Igneous rock identification university of washington. Difference between lava and magma definition of mineral volcanic glass hardness scale streak test granitic andesitic basaltic.